diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example index e13338c..ba48de3 100644 --- a/.env.example +++ b/.env.example @@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ MODEL_DEFAULT_ENDPOINT= MODEL_FALLBACK_ENDPOINT= KNOWLEDGE_EMBEDDING_ENDPOINT_CODE= KNOWLEDGE_EMBEDDING_TIMEOUT_MS=15000 +CUSTOMER_SERVICE_PHONE=15936583816 SSE_HEARTBEAT_SECONDS=15 SSE_MAX_CONNECTION_SECONDS=300 diff --git a/app/core/config.py b/app/core/config.py index d745d90..189015b 100644 --- a/app/core/config.py +++ b/app/core/config.py @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings): jwt_public_key_path: str = "config/jwt/jwt-public.pem" jwt_clock_skew_seconds: int = Field(default=30, ge=0) visitor_token_ttl_seconds: int = Field(default=900, ge=60, le=3600) + customer_service_phone: str = Field(default="15936583816", pattern=r"^1\d{10}$") mysql_dsn: str mysql_pool_size: int = Field(default=5, ge=1) mysql_max_overflow: int = Field(default=10, ge=0) diff --git a/app/core/contracts.py b/app/core/contracts.py index 72e1b18..add064b 100644 --- a/app/core/contracts.py +++ b/app/core/contracts.py @@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ class AgentRequestMetadata(BaseModel): locale: str | None = None client_version: str | None = None ui_entry: str | None = None + # 仅由受理服务写入 Outbox，客户端 API 不接收该字段。 + chitchat_streak: int = Field(default=0, ge=0, le=5) class AgentRequest(BaseModel): diff --git a/app/main.py b/app/main.py index 868b17c..3365473 100644 --- a/app/main.py +++ b/app/main.py @@ -1,5 +1,8 @@ +from pathlib import Path + from fastapi import FastAPI, Request from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse +from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles from app.api.controllers.admin import router as admin_router from app.api.controllers.agent_runs import router as agent_runs_router @@ -52,6 +55,11 @@ def create_app() -> FastAPI: application.include_router(knowledge_router) application.include_router(health_router) application.include_router(admin_router) + application.mount( + "/customer-service-test", + StaticFiles(directory=Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "static", html=True), + name="customer-service-test", + ) return application diff --git a/app/service/agent/bootstrap.py b/app/service/agent/bootstrap.py index b2ad3bc..639f975 100644 --- a/app/service/agent/bootstrap.py +++ b/app/service/agent/bootstrap.py @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from app.core.nl2sql_contracts import FinancialNL2SQLInput from app.infrastructure.fund_quote_cache import FundQuoteCache from app.infrastructure.memory_cache import MemoryCacheAdapter from app.infrastructure.vector_memory import VectorMemoryAdapter +from app.service.agent.customer_service_agent import CustomerServiceAgent from app.service.agent.factory import AgentFactory from app.service.agent.governance import PlatformGovernance from app.service.agent.implementations.fund_query_demo import FundQueryDemoAgent @@ -198,3 +199,7 @@ def register_business_agents(factory: AgentFactory) -> None: OffsiteFundAgent.definition, lambda _context: OffsiteFundAgent(OffsiteFundAgent.definition), ) + factory.register( + CustomerServiceAgent.definition, + lambda _context: CustomerServiceAgent(), + ) diff --git a/app/service/agent/customer_service_agent.py b/app/service/agent/customer_service_agent.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..22e6a30 --- /dev/null +++ b/app/service/agent/customer_service_agent.py @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +"""奶龙基金智能助手：只处理一期公开客服范围。""" + +from app.core.config import get_settings +from app.core.contracts import AgentDefinition, AgentRequest, CoreResult, RequestContext +from app.core.errors import RecoverableAgentError +from app.core.knowledge_contracts import KnowledgeSearchResult +from app.service.agent.base import BaseAgent +from app.service.agent.customer_service_routing import CustomerServiceIntentRouter + + +def _human_service_phone() -> str: + return get_settings().customer_service_phone + + +class CustomerServiceAgent(BaseAgent): + definition = AgentDefinition( + agent_type="customer_service", + version="1.0.0", + allowed_tools=("query_knowledge",), + allowed_roles=("visitor", "customer"), + allowed_portals=("api",), + requires_model_intent_classification=False, + supported_intents=( + "security_notice", + "account_entry", + "human_transfer", + "compliance_refusal", + "chitchat", + "public_knowledge", + "faq", + "product_inquiry", + "policy_explain", + ), + ) + + def __init__(self) -> None: + super().__init__(self.definition) + + async def handle(self, request: AgentRequest, context: RequestContext) -> CoreResult: + message = request.message.strip() + route = CustomerServiceIntentRouter.classify(message) + if route.intent == "security_notice": + return CoreResult( + text=( + "请立即停止操作，不要继续提供验证码、密码或身份证件信息，并尽快联系" + f"人工客服 {_human_service_phone()}。" + ), + transfer_required=True, + transfer_reason="security_notice", + ) + if route.intent == "compliance_refusal": + return CoreResult( + text=( + "我不能推荐具体产品、承诺收益或代您交易；如需进一步了解，请联系" + f"人工客服 {_human_service_phone()}。" + ), + transfer_required=True, + transfer_reason="compliance_refusal", + ) + if route.intent == "account_entry": + if "visitor" in context.roles: + return CoreResult(text="我无法查询账户数据，请先登录后前往“我的账户”查看相关状态。") + return CoreResult(text="我无法查询账户数据，请前往“我的账户”查看相关状态。") + if route.intent == "human_transfer": + return CoreResult( + text=( + f"您可以联系人工客服 {_human_service_phone()}（工作日 09:00-18:00）" + "进一步核实。" + ), + transfer_required=True, + transfer_reason="human_transfer", + ) + if route.is_chitchat: + if request.metadata.chitchat_streak == 4: + return CoreResult(text="和您聊天很开心呀。您是想了解相关的基金业务或公开信息吗？") + return CoreResult(text="您好呀，我是奶龙基金智能助手，很高兴和您聊天。") + try: + output = await self.call_tool( + "query_knowledge", + {"query": message, "intents": route.knowledge_intents, "top_k": 5}, + intent="public_knowledge", + context=context, + ) + result = ( + output + if isinstance(output, KnowledgeSearchResult) + else KnowledgeSearchResult.model_validate(output) + ) + except RecoverableAgentError: + return self._knowledge_transfer("knowledge_unavailable") + answers = [ + hit.answer.strip() + for hit in result.hits + if isinstance(hit.answer, str) and hit.answer.strip() + ] + if not answers: + return self._knowledge_transfer("knowledge_not_found") + return CoreResult(text=answers[0]) + + @staticmethod + def _knowledge_transfer(reason: str) -> CoreResult: + phone = _human_service_phone() + if reason == "knowledge_unavailable": + text = ( + "您好呀，我暂时无法从公开资料中确认这个问题，请联系" + f"人工客服 {phone} 进一步核实。" + ) + else: + text = ( + "您好呀，我暂时没有查到匹配的公开资料，请联系" + f"人工客服 {phone} 进一步核实。" + ) + return CoreResult(text=text, transfer_required=True, transfer_reason=reason) diff --git a/app/service/agent/customer_service_routing.py b/app/service/agent/customer_service_routing.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc85d95 --- /dev/null +++ b/app/service/agent/customer_service_routing.py @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +"""一期客服的确定性路由，先处理安全和边界，再允许公开知识检索。""" + +from collections.abc import Sequence +from dataclasses import dataclass + + +@dataclass(frozen=True) +class CustomerServiceRoute: + intent: str + knowledge_intents: tuple[str, ...] = () + is_chitchat: bool = False + + +class CustomerServiceIntentRouter: + _SECURITY_KEYWORDS = ("验证码", "密码泄露", "被盗", "诈骗", "非本人交易") + _COMPLIANCE_KEYWORDS = ("推荐", "收益最高", "稳赚", "保本", "帮我买", "替我交易") + _ACCOUNT_KEYWORDS = ("持仓", "收益", "订单", "定投", "银行卡", "风险测评", "投诉进度") + _HUMAN_TRANSFER_KEYWORDS = ("转人工", "人工客服", "投诉", "赔偿", "法律", "纠纷") + _POLICY_KEYWORDS = ( + "申购", "赎回", "到账", "费率", "手续费", "确认份额", "交易日", "分红", "规则", "政策" + ) + _PRODUCT_KEYWORDS = ( + "产品", "基金代码", "基金经理", "份额类别", "a类", "c类", "净值", "风险等级" + ) + _CHITCHAT_MESSAGES = frozenset({ + "你好", "您好", "嗨", "哈喽", "在吗", "谢谢", "谢谢你", "再见", "拜拜", + "你是谁", "你叫什么", "你今天开心吗", + }) + _CHITCHAT_PHRASES = ("今天天气", "讲个笑话", "你几岁", "你开心吗", "你忙吗") + + @classmethod + def classify(cls, message: str) -> CustomerServiceRoute: + normalized = message.strip().lower() + if cls._contains(normalized, cls._SECURITY_KEYWORDS): + return CustomerServiceRoute(intent="security_notice") + if cls._contains(normalized, cls._COMPLIANCE_KEYWORDS): + return CustomerServiceRoute(intent="compliance_refusal") + if cls._contains(normalized, cls._ACCOUNT_KEYWORDS): + return CustomerServiceRoute(intent="account_entry") + if cls._contains(normalized, cls._HUMAN_TRANSFER_KEYWORDS): + return CustomerServiceRoute(intent="human_transfer") + if cls._is_chitchat(normalized): + return CustomerServiceRoute(intent="chitchat", is_chitchat=True) + if cls._contains(normalized, cls._POLICY_KEYWORDS): + return CustomerServiceRoute( + intent="public_knowledge", knowledge_intents=("policy_explain",) + ) + if cls._contains(normalized, cls._PRODUCT_KEYWORDS): + return CustomerServiceRoute( + intent="public_knowledge", knowledge_intents=("product_inquiry",) + ) + return CustomerServiceRoute(intent="public_knowledge", knowledge_intents=("faq",)) + + @classmethod + def chitchat_streak(cls, prior_messages: Sequence[str], message: str) -> int: + """返回当前消息在同一会话中连续闲聊的次数，最大只需记录到第五句。""" + if not cls._is_chitchat(message.strip().lower()): + return 0 + streak = 1 + for prior_message in reversed(prior_messages): + if not cls._is_chitchat(prior_message.strip().lower()): + break + streak += 1 + if streak == 5: + break + return streak + + @staticmethod + def _contains(message: str, keywords: tuple[str, ...]) -> bool: + return any(keyword in message for keyword in keywords) + + @classmethod + def _is_chitchat(cls, message: str) -> bool: + return message in cls._CHITCHAT_MESSAGES or cls._contains(message, cls._CHITCHAT_PHRASES) diff --git a/app/service/agent/governance.py b/app/service/agent/governance.py index 579bf4b..d8cad12 100644 --- a/app/service/agent/governance.py +++ b/app/service/agent/governance.py @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from typing import Protocol from sqlalchemy import select, text from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession +from app.core.config import get_settings from app.core.contracts import ( AgentDefinition, AgentResult, @@ -135,8 +136,13 @@ def review_output( else: # Apply to text and citation titles, not only to the displayed answer. def redact(value: str) -> str: + # 人工客服电话是唯一经过配置审核、可在对客文本中保留的号码。 + trusted_phone = get_settings().customer_service_phone + protected_phone = "__customer_service_phone__" + value = value.replace(trusted_phone, protected_phone) value = re.sub(r"(? dict[str, object]: + """构造 Worker 使用的内部元数据，不信任外部传入的闲聊计数。""" + metadata = request.metadata + if request.agent_type == "customer_service": + metadata = metadata.model_copy(update={ + "chitchat_streak": CustomerServiceIntentRouter.chitchat_streak( + prior_user_messages, request.message + ) + }) + return metadata.model_dump(mode="json") + + class AgentRunApplicationService: def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession, factory: AgentFactory | None = None) -> None: self.session = session @@ -89,6 +105,20 @@ class AgentRunApplicationService: raise RuntimeError("idempotency record has no run") return RunAccepted(run.run_id, run.trace_id, run.status) + # 仅读取当前会话最近三条用户消息；第四条闲聊即触发一次自然业务引导。 + prior_user_messages = list(await self.session.scalars( + select(ConversationMessage.content) + .where( + ConversationMessage.session_id == request.session_id, + ConversationMessage.role == "user", + ) + .order_by(ConversationMessage.id.desc()) + .limit(3) + )) + outbox_metadata = build_outbox_metadata( + request, tuple(reversed(prior_user_messages)) + ) + trace_id = context.trace_id message = ConversationMessage( session_id=request.session_id, customer_id=user_id, portal="api", @@ -121,7 +151,7 @@ class AgentRunApplicationService: payload={ "run_id": run_id, "actor_type": "visitor" if "visitor" in context.roles else "authenticated", - "metadata": request.metadata.model_dump(mode="json"), + "metadata": outbox_metadata, }, occurred_at=now, )) diff --git a/app/static/index.html b/app/static/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e2b6141 --- /dev/null +++ b/app/static/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ + + + + + + 奶龙基金智能助手联调 + + + +
+
+
+ +

奶龙基金智能助手

公开知识与客服分流联调页

+
+

访客：正在建立测试连接

+
+
+ + + + + + +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ + + diff --git a/tests/unit/api/test_customer_service_test_page.py b/tests/unit/api/test_customer_service_test_page.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cd05da --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/unit/api/test_customer_service_test_page.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from app.main import create_app + + +def test_customer_service_test_page_exposes_visitor_agent_flow() -> None: + with TestClient(create_app()) as client: + response = client.get("/customer-service-test/") + + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert "奶龙基金智能助手" in response.text + assert "/api/v1/visitor-tokens" in response.text + assert "/api/v1/agent-runs" in response.text diff --git a/tests/unit/service/test_agent_persistence_handover.py b/tests/unit/service/test_agent_persistence_handover.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..544fa45 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/unit/service/test_agent_persistence_handover.py @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +from datetime import UTC, datetime +from typing import Any + +import pytest + +from app.core.contracts import AgentResult, CoreResult, IntentResult +from app.model.conversation import ConversationMessage +from app.model.platform import AgentRun, DomainEventOutbox, HandoverTicket +from app.service.agent_persistence_service import AgentPersistenceService + + +class FakeTransaction: + async def __aenter__(self) -> None: + return None + + async def __aexit__( + self, exc_type: object, exc_value: object, traceback: object + ) -> bool: + return False + + +class FakeSession: + """仅收集持久化服务在同一事务内计划写入的 ORM 实体。""" + + def __init__(self, run: AgentRun) -> None: + self.run = run + self.added: list[Any] = [] + self.executed: list[Any] = [] + + def begin(self) -> FakeTransaction: + return FakeTransaction() + + async def scalar(self, statement: object) -> AgentRun: + return self.run + + def add(self, item: Any) -> None: + self.added.append(item) + + async def flush(self) -> None: + for item in self.added: + if isinstance(item, ConversationMessage) and item.id is None: + item.id = 901 + + async def execute(self, statement: object) -> None: + self.executed.append(statement) + + +def queued_run() -> AgentRun: + now = datetime.now(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None) + return AgentRun( + id=1, + run_id="run-transfer-1", + idempotency_id=2, + session_id="session-transfer-1", + user_id=7, + agent_type="customer_service", + trace_id="trace-transfer-1", + request_message_id=800, + status="queued", + created_at=now, + updated_at=now, + ) + + +def result(*, transfer_required: bool) -> AgentResult: + return AgentResult( + run_id="run-transfer-1", + result=CoreResult( + text="已为您转接人工客服。", + intent=IntentResult(intent="human_handover", confidence=1), + transfer_required=transfer_required, + transfer_reason="user_requested" if transfer_required else None, + ), + ) + + +def added_of(items: list[Any], model: type[Any]) -> list[Any]: + return [item for item in items if isinstance(item, model)] + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_transfer_required_result_creates_pending_ticket_and_outbox_event() -> None: + """Agent 发起的转人工必须在完成运行的事务内留待处理工单和通知事件。""" + session = FakeSession(queued_run()) + + await AgentPersistenceService(session).complete_run( + "run-transfer-1", result(transfer_required=True), memory_extraction_requested=False + ) + + tickets = added_of(session.added, HandoverTicket) + events = added_of(session.added, DomainEventOutbox) + assert len(tickets) == 1 + assert tickets[0].status == "pending" + assert tickets[0].session_id == "session-transfer-1" + assert tickets[0].customer_id == 7 + assert tickets[0].source_agent == "customer_service" + assert tickets[0].source_message_id == 901 + assert tickets[0].reason_code == "user_requested" + assert len(events) == 2 # agent.run_completed + conversation.transfer_requested + transfer_event = next( + event for event in events if event.event_type == "conversation.transfer_requested" + ) + assert transfer_event.aggregate_type == "conversation" + assert transfer_event.aggregate_id == "session-transfer-1" + assert transfer_event.payload["ticket_no"] == tickets[0].ticket_no + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_normal_result_does_not_create_handover_ticket_or_event() -> None: + """非转人工回答不得污染管理员待处理队列。""" + session = FakeSession(queued_run()) + + await AgentPersistenceService(session).complete_run( + "run-transfer-1", result(transfer_required=False), memory_extraction_requested=False + ) + + assert added_of(session.added, HandoverTicket) == [] + assert all( + event.event_type != "conversation.transfer_requested" + for event in added_of(session.added, DomainEventOutbox) + ) diff --git a/tests/unit/service/test_customer_service_agent.py b/tests/unit/service/test_customer_service_agent.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ea6e36 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/unit/service/test_customer_service_agent.py @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +import pytest + +from app.core.contracts import AgentRequest, AgentRequestMetadata, RequestContext +from app.core.errors import RecoverableAgentError +from app.core.knowledge_contracts import KnowledgeHit, KnowledgeSearchResult +from app.service.agent.base import BaseAgent +from app.service.agent.bootstrap import get_agent_factory +from app.service.agent.customer_service_agent import CustomerServiceAgent +from app.service.agent.customer_service_routing import CustomerServiceIntentRouter + + +def request(message: str, *, chitchat_streak: int = 0) -> AgentRequest: + return AgentRequest( + agent_type="customer_service", + message=message, + session_id="customer-service-session", + idempotency_key="customer-service-idempotency-key", + metadata=AgentRequestMetadata(chitchat_streak=chitchat_streak), + ) + + +def context(role: str) -> RequestContext: + return RequestContext( + user_id="1", + trace_id="customer-service-trace", + roles=(role,), + permissions=("agent:run", "knowledge:query"), + data_scope="public" if role == "visitor" else "self", + ) + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_visitor_account_question_only_returns_login_entry() -> None: + result = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle( + request("我的持仓收益是多少"), context("visitor") + ) + + assert result.text == "我无法查询账户数据，请先登录后前往“我的账户”查看相关状态。" + assert result.transfer_required is False + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_authenticated_account_question_only_returns_account_entry() -> None: + result = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle(request("查一下我的订单"), context("customer")) + + assert result.text == "我无法查询账户数据，请前往“我的账户”查看相关状态。" + assert result.transfer_required is False + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_security_question_requires_human_transfer() -> None: + result = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle( + request("验证码已经发给别人了"), context("visitor") + ) + + assert result.transfer_required is True + assert result.transfer_reason == "security_notice" + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_personalized_investment_advice_is_refused_and_transferred() -> None: + result = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle( + request("帮我推荐一只收益最高的基金"), context("customer") + ) + + assert result.transfer_required is True + assert result.transfer_reason == "compliance_refusal" + + +def test_customer_service_agent_is_registered_for_visitor_role() -> None: + agent = get_agent_factory().create("customer_service", context("visitor")) + + assert isinstance(agent, CustomerServiceAgent) + + +def test_chitchat_streak_is_derived_from_continuous_prior_messages() -> None: + assert CustomerServiceIntentRouter.chitchat_streak( + ("你好", "讲个笑话", "你开心吗"), "在吗" + ) == 4 + assert CustomerServiceIntentRouter.chitchat_streak( + ("你好", "基金怎么开户"), "在吗" + ) == 1 + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_policy_question_uses_only_policy_knowledge(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None: + captured: dict[str, object] = {} + + async def fake_call_tool( + self: BaseAgent, + name: str, + arguments: dict[str, object], + *, + intent: str, + context: RequestContext, + ) -> KnowledgeSearchResult: + captured.update(name=name, arguments=arguments, intent=intent) + return KnowledgeSearchResult( + hits=( + KnowledgeHit( + knowledge_id="101", + collection="fin_policy_collection", + snippet="赎回规则摘要", + answer="这是已审核的赎回公开规则。", + ), + ) + ) + + monkeypatch.setattr(BaseAgent, "call_tool", fake_call_tool) + + result = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle( + request("基金赎回到账规则是什么"), context("customer") + ) + + assert result.text == "这是已审核的赎回公开规则。" + assert captured == { + "name": "query_knowledge", + "arguments": { + "query": "基金赎回到账规则是什么", + "intents": ("policy_explain",), + "top_k": 5, + }, + "intent": "public_knowledge", + } + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_knowledge_failure_requires_human_transfer(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None: + async def unavailable_tool( + self: BaseAgent, + name: str, + arguments: dict[str, object], + *, + intent: str, + context: RequestContext, + ) -> KnowledgeSearchResult: + raise RecoverableAgentError("知识检索不可用") + + monkeypatch.setattr(BaseAgent, "call_tool", unavailable_tool) + + result = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle(request("基金怎么开户"), context("visitor")) + + assert result.transfer_required is True + assert result.transfer_reason == "knowledge_unavailable" + + +@pytest.mark.asyncio +async def test_fourth_chitchat_message_is_guided_once_without_knowledge_lookup( + monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, +) -> None: + async def unexpected_tool( + self: BaseAgent, + name: str, + arguments: dict[str, object], + *, + intent: str, + context: RequestContext, + ) -> KnowledgeSearchResult: + raise AssertionError("闲聊不应调用公开知识工具") + + monkeypatch.setattr(BaseAgent, "call_tool", unexpected_tool) + + guided = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle( + request("你今天开心吗", chitchat_streak=4), context("visitor") + ) + ordinary = await CustomerServiceAgent().handle( + request("你今天开心吗", chitchat_streak=5), context("visitor") + ) + + assert "基金业务" in guided.text + assert "基金业务" not in ordinary.text diff --git a/tests/unit/service/test_customer_service_chitchat_metadata.py b/tests/unit/service/test_customer_service_chitchat_metadata.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17fa6b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/unit/service/test_customer_service_chitchat_metadata.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from app.core.contracts import AgentRequest, AgentRequestMetadata +from app.service.agent_run_application_service import build_outbox_metadata + + +def test_customer_service_outbox_metadata_overrides_supplied_chitchat_streak() -> None: + request = AgentRequest( + agent_type="customer_service", + message="在吗", + session_id="customer-service-session", + idempotency_key="customer-service-idempotency-key", + metadata=AgentRequestMetadata(chitchat_streak=5), + ) + + metadata = build_outbox_metadata(request, ("你好", "基金怎么开户")) + + assert metadata["chitchat_streak"] == 1